Who is protestant in ireland

However, the colony was devastated in by a co-ordinated Irish attack from which it never recovered, although many English remained in isolated areas.

History of Ireland. Henry found no way to get around this other than removing the right of the church to prevent him. So he declared that the Pope was no longer head of the Church of England, and made himself head instead. This meant that it was he, not the Pope, that had the final word on church matters in England. He was thus able to permit himself to marry Anne Boleyn.

In , the Church in Ireland was ordered to follow suit and recognise Henry as head of the Church. However most ordinary Irish people refused to recognise Henry as leader of the church and continued to regard the Pope as head.

Some Bishops 'reformed' to Henry's church but soon became Roman Catholics again. The houses were originally built for poor Protestants and my upbringing was firmly working-class. My parents were staunch Church of Ireland members. It was horrible, but I had to get on with it.

One neighbour used to say hello to us every day, but after he discovered we were Protestant, he never even looked at us again. In referendums on issues like divorce, we were not instructed how to vote and our clergy reminded us that we had free will. But in , Ireland scored a goal against England and everyone was celebrating. We are Irish. The Protestant folk memory questionnaire: a selection of questions. Did Protestant and Catholic-owned businesses employ exclusively members of their own faith?

Do you know any stories about the way people lived in years gone by? Sometimes the stories of women and other groups that were once marginalised in society contain a lot of interesting historical information that is not reflected in the official record. Where and how did you start playing sports? Did you feel that there were some sports that you could not play because of religion?

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Resides in Montpelier, Idaho. Professional genealogist. English , Utah State University. Genealogist, author, lecturer. A Brazilian once observed, "In Ireland even the cattle in the fields are either Catholic or Protestant. You can tell which by looking at them. When one speaks of Ireland, little is said before the inevitable question arises. Historically, was an Irish Catholic really different from an Irish Protestant? How were their lives different? How were they similar?

First, who were the Catholics? Over the centuries most of the settlers outside the Pale had assimilated with the native Irish so thoroughly that they were essentially Irish. Their manner of dress, their foods, their mores were Irish. Even their language was Irish rather than the French or English of the original settlers. In this paper they will be included with the native Irish, the Catholics. Who were the Protestants? Most came to Ireland as settlers in the various plantations, or settlements.

Settlers were primarily Lowland Scots. Their descendants were mostly Presbyterians. The native Irish of Ulster were either annihilated or moved south and west of their original homes.

Later, in the mid-seventeenth century, Oliver Cromwell came to Ireland. For the most part, the Ulster settlements were unaffected by his march through Ireland. However, the other provinces were drastically changed. As was the custom then, Cromwell paid his war debts with conquered lands.

Those adventurers in England who had financed the campaigns in Ireland and England were given tracts of lands in Ireland. The "backpay" owed his officers and soldiers was paid with land grants. Those Irish already occupying the lands were given the choice to move to Connaught Province or be killed.

When the English monarchy was restored, some of the native Irish were restored to their original lands, or to portions of them; some returned as laborers or skilled craftsmen; most remained in Connaught.

In the eighteenth century, Germanic Protestants, Palatines, were given lands in Ireland. Most of these eventually affiliated with the Church of Ireland Anglican parishes in their localities. The settlers in the various groups and their descendants were Protestants. The most obvious dividing line between Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants was religion.

In many areas of the world the conquerors have married the conquered and made one people of the two. However, in Ireland intermarriage was forbidden by law. A Cromwellian soldier marrying an Irish Catholic girl was reduced in rank. If he were a dragoon, he was reduced in rank to foot soldier; if a foot soldier, to a pioneer. He had no hope of future promotion. If he refused to leave her, he was sent with her to Connaught to live in poverty and misery. For example, in Hugh Powell, a Cromwellian soldier, was tried and convicted for fornication with an Irish woman.

He was sentenced "to be whipped on the bare back with whipcord lash, and have forty stripes while he is led through the four companies of the Irish forces before Whitehall, at the time of the parade on Monday next, and twenty stripes more after that at Putney, while hee sic is led through those of the Irish party that quarter there, neer sic the Widow Nashe's house there.

The Catholic girl too was not without punishment. She was likely to be ostracized by her family and friends. She might resort to "work, begging, prostitution.

With heavy social and legal restrictions to marriage and "amours," intermarriage of Catholics and Protestants was not likely to happen often. However, it is not difficult to understand why Protestants remained Protestant and Catholics remained Catholic.

Although the two groups differed on doctrinal issues, the primary reasons for continued division seem to have been political, economic, and social rather than religious. Legislation was passed in Protestant parliaments which effectively limited Catholic political power. For example, the act requiring the Oath of Supremacy stated that the English monarch, not the Pope, was the supreme governor on earth. To be mayor, to hold any church or state office, to receive a university degree, or to be a tenant-in-chief on Crown lands, one was required to take the oath.

In the Test "Act against Popery" was returned. It required that anyone holding any public office take the sacrament of the Church of Ireland. Not only Catholics but Presbyterians, Baptists, and other dissenting groups were affected. The result of these and other restrictive acts was that members of the Church of Ireland held the political offices in Ireland both nationally and locally. They became the Ascendency. For the most part, they passed laws favorable to their minority.

Since Catholics and some dissenting Protestant groups were not represented, their needs were often not met. Decisions affecting the entire country were made by a select few. The economic condition of Ireland was frequently determined by legislation of both the Irish Parliament and the English Parliament. Following the Restoration in the mid-seventeenth century, the soldiers and adventurers granted lands in Ireland by Cromwell reestablished the cattle and sheep industries.

There was a short period of prosperity as the Protestant settlers using hired Catholic laborers sold cattle and sheep in England and elsewhere. Because breeders and dealers in England were threatened by the Irish competition, England's Parliament passed restrictive legislation, the Cattle Act of , which prohibited the importing of Irish cattle to England from 1 July through 20 December of any year.

The Cattle Act of prohibited importation of all cattle, sheep, and swine along with all beef, pork, and bacon. The precedent was set that Ireland was not longer considered part of the mother country but was a colony whose duty it was to supply and not to compete.

After the Cattle Acts and Navigation Acts, Ireland began to enjoy some prosperity in the mercantile trade, primarily of wool and woollens to France, Spain, and the Low Countries. Again the owners were usually Protestant, the laborers, Catholic. Despite heavy duties imposed, Ireland was competing successfully with the woollen dealers and manufacturers of England. In the English Parliament passed an act forbidding exportation of wool or woollens from Ireland except to England.